{
 "schema": "diditwork.survive-thrive/v1",
 "url": "https://diditwork.org/survive-and-thrive",
 "title": "Survive and thrive: a map of where giving can help",
 "reviewed": "2026-10-28",
 "note": "A mutually exclusive, collectively exhaustive map for giving. Survive: IHME GBD 2023 cause hierarchy (Levels 1-2), deaths in 2023. Funding: IHME Financing Global Health 2023 (development assistance for health, prevention and treatment together; 2022 US dollars). Options: GiveWell and Happier Lives Institute figures (modeled, not guaranteed), WHO best buys, ACE recommendations. Every figure carries its source, verbatim quote, retrieval date and stable id; ratios carry their inputs and working. Gaps are explicit. No moral weights (ADR 0007 Proposed), no unit conversions, no scores; cross-cause priority depends on values. Paid placement never affects anything here.",
 "stance": {
  "moral_weights": "none: ADR 0007 stays Proposed; no cause is ranked against another",
  "units": "deaths, years lived with disability, WELLBYs and animal counts are never converted into each other",
  "paid_placement": "never affects anything here"
 },
 "agent_rules": [
  "Cite the figure id and the source URL; quote the evaluator figure with its period and \"modeled, not guaranteed\".",
  "Never add tail-risk deaths, loneliness-linked deaths or Thrive measures to the Survive death count.",
  "Never convert between deaths, YLDs, WELLBYs and animal counts, and never rank causes against each other.",
  "Treat a mismatch ratio as a description of aid versus deaths, not a recommendation; say that cross-cause priority depends on values.",
  "Report \"not_tracked\" and \"not_yet_sourced\" as such; never fill them with an estimate."
 ],
 "survive": {
  "hierarchy": "IHME Global Burden of Disease 2023 cause hierarchy, Levels 1 and 2",
  "total_deaths_figure": "st.deaths.all.2023",
  "level1": [
   {
    "id": "cmnn",
    "gbd_name": "Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases",
    "name": "Infections, mothers, newborns and nutrition",
    "deaths": "st.deaths.l1.cmnn.2023",
    "death_share": 0.172
   },
   {
    "id": "ncd",
    "gbd_name": "Non-communicable diseases",
    "name": "Non-communicable diseases",
    "deaths": "st.deaths.l1.ncd.2023",
    "funding": {
     "status": "tracked_as_group",
     "figures": [
      "st.dah.ncd_share_bound"
     ],
     "text": "All non-communicable diseases together: less than 4.0% of health aid each year. Not split by group."
    },
    "ratio": "r_ncd",
    "death_share": 0.7468
   },
   {
    "id": "inj",
    "gbd_name": "Injuries",
    "name": "Injuries",
    "deaths": "st.deaths.l1.inj.2023",
    "funding": {
     "status": "not_tracked",
     "text": "Not tracked. Injuries are not one of IHME’s health-aid focus areas."
    },
    "death_share": 0.0812
   }
  ],
  "level2": [
   {
    "id": "hiv_sti",
    "parent": "cmnn",
    "gbd_name": "HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections",
    "name": "HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections",
    "deaths": "st.deaths.l2.hiv_sti.2023",
    "funding": {
     "status": "tracked_partly",
     "figures": [
      "st.dah.hiv.2023"
     ],
     "text": "HIV/AIDS: $14.1 billion in 2023. Other sexually transmitted infections are not tracked separately."
    },
    "options": [
     {
      "kind": "gap",
      "text": "No evaluator we follow has a top pick here yet."
     }
    ],
    "ratio": "r_hiv",
    "death_share": 0.0153
   },
   {
    "id": "resp_tb",
    "parent": "cmnn",
    "gbd_name": "Respiratory infections and tuberculosis",
    "name": "Respiratory infections and tuberculosis (includes COVID-19)",
    "deaths": "st.deaths.l2.resp_tb.2023",
    "funding": {
     "status": "tracked_partly",
     "figures": [
      "st.dah.covid.2023",
      "st.dah.tb.2022"
     ],
     "text": "COVID-19: $12.4 billion in 2023. Tuberculosis: $2.6 billion in 2022 (IHME gives no 2023 figure in words). Pneumonia and other lower respiratory infections: not tracked separately."
    },
    "options": [
     {
      "kind": "gap",
      "text": "No evaluator we follow has a top pick here yet. New Incentives (listed under other infections) pays for routine childhood vaccines, including ones against tuberculosis and pneumococcal disease.",
      "source": "givewell_new_incentives",
      "source_quote": "Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against tuberculosis"
     }
    ],
    "ratio": "r_covid",
    "death_share": 0.0722
   },
   {
    "id": "enteric",
    "parent": "cmnn",
    "gbd_name": "Enteric infections",
    "name": "Diarrhoea, typhoid and other gut infections",
    "deaths": "st.deaths.l2.enteric.2023",
    "funding": {
     "status": "not_tracked",
     "text": "Not tracked as its own area. IHME counts this money inside child health and other infections."
    },
    "options": [
     {
      "kind": "gap",
      "text": "No evaluator we follow has a top pick here yet. See our safe water page for what evaluators have funded."
     }
    ],
    "links": [
     [
      "/causes/safe-water",
      "Safe water"
     ]
    ],
    "death_share": 0.0211
   },
   {
    "id": "ntd_malaria",
    "parent": "cmnn",
    "gbd_name": "Neglected tropical diseases and malaria",
    "name": "Malaria and neglected tropical diseases",
    "deaths": "st.deaths.l2.ntd_malaria.2023",
    "funding": {
     "status": "tracked_partly",
     "figures": [
      "st.dah.malaria.2023"
     ],
     "text": "Malaria: $3.3 billion in 2023. Neglected tropical diseases: not stated separately."
    },
    "options": [
     {
      "kind": "evaluator_pick",
      "evaluator": "GiveWell",
      "org": "Against Malaria Foundation",
      "href": "/charities/against-malaria-foundation",
      "program": "Nets to prevent malaria",
      "figures": [
       "st.ce.gw.amf"
      ],
      "label": "GiveWell Top Charity"
     },
     {
      "kind": "evaluator_pick",
      "evaluator": "GiveWell",
      "org": "Malaria Consortium",
      "href": "/charities/malaria-consortium",
      "program": "Medicine to prevent malaria",
      "figures": [
       "st.ce.gw.mc"
      ],
      "label": "GiveWell Top Charity"
     }
    ],
    "ratio": "r_malaria",
    "death_share": 0.0134
   },
   {
    "id": "other_inf",
    "parent": "cmnn",
    "gbd_name": "Other infectious diseases",
    "name": "Other infections (measles, meningitis, whooping cough and more)",
    "deaths": "st.deaths.l2.other_inf.2023",
    "funding": {
     "status": "not_yet_sourced",
     "text": "IHME tracks “other infectious diseases”, but states no 2023 figure in words. Not yet sourced."
    },
    "options": [
     {
      "kind": "evaluator_pick",
      "evaluator": "GiveWell",
      "org": "New Incentives",
      "href": "/charities/new-incentives",
      "program": "Cash incentives for routine childhood vaccines",
      "figures": [
       "st.ce.gw.ni"
      ],
      "label": "GiveWell Top Charity",
      "placement": "Our placement: GiveWell lists the vaccines the programme pays for, among them measles and the five-in-one shot against diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough, which GBD files in this group. Others (against tuberculosis and pneumococcal disease) reach the respiratory group too, so we list the charity once, here.",
      "source": "givewell_new_incentives",
      "source_quote": "Pentavalent vaccine (Penta) against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), hepatitis B, and Haemophilus influenzae type b Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) against pneumococcal disease Measles vaccine (MCV)"
     }
    ],
    "death_share": 0.014
   },
   {
    "id": "mat_neo",
    "parent": "cmnn",
    "gbd_name": "Maternal and neonatal disorders",
    "name": "Mothers and newborns",
    "deaths": "st.deaths.l2.mat_neo.2023",
    "funding": {
     "status": "not_yet_sourced",
     "text": "IHME tracks reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health together, but states no 2023 figure in words. Not yet sourced."
    },
    "options": [
     {
      "kind": "gap",
      "text": "No evaluator we follow has a top pick here yet. An honest gap, and an opening."
     }
    ],
    "death_share": 0.0311
   },
   {
    "id": "nutrition",
    "parent": "cmnn",
    "gbd_name": "Nutritional deficiencies",
    "name": "Nutritional deficiencies",
    "deaths": "st.deaths.l2.nutrition.2023",
    "funding": {
     "status": "not_yet_sourced",
     "text": "Nutrition is a programme area inside child health. No figure stated. Not yet sourced."
    },
    "options": [
     {
      "kind": "evaluator_pick",
      "evaluator": "GiveWell",
      "org": "Helen Keller Intl",
      "href": "/charities/helen-keller-intl",
      "program": "Supplements to prevent vitamin A deficiency",
      "figures": [
       "st.ce.gw.hki"
      ],
      "label": "GiveWell Top Charity"
     },
     {
      "kind": "evaluator_pick",
      "evaluator": "Happier Lives Institute",
      "org": "Taimaka",
      "href": "/charities/taimaka",
      "program": "Treating acute malnutrition",
      "figures": [
       "st.ce.hli.taimaka"
      ],
      "label": "HLI Promising Charity",
      "unit_note": "Measured in wellbeing, a different unit: not comparable with lives saved."
     }
    ],
    "death_share": 0.0048
   },
   {
    "id": "neoplasms",
    "parent": "ncd",
    "gbd_name": "Neoplasms",
    "name": "Cancers",
    "deaths": "st.deaths.l2.neoplasms.2023",
    "funding": {
     "status": "tracked_as_group",
     "figures": [
      "st.dah.ncd_share_bound"
     ],
     "text": "All non-communicable diseases together: less than 4.0% of health aid each year. Not split by group."
    },
    "options": [
     {
      "kind": "who_best_buy",
      "evaluator": "WHO",
      "items": [
       "Vaccination against human papillomavirus (1or 2 doses) of girls aged 9–14 years",
       "Prevention of liver cancer through hepatitis B immunization"
      ],
      "figures": [
       "st.ce.who.best_buy_threshold"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "death_share": 0.176
   },
   {
    "id": "cvd",
    "parent": "ncd",
    "gbd_name": "Cardiovascular diseases",
    "name": "Heart disease and stroke",
    "deaths": "st.deaths.l2.cvd.2023",
    "funding": {
     "status": "tracked_as_group",
     "figures": [
      "st.dah.ncd_share_bound"
     ],
     "text": "All non-communicable diseases together: less than 4.0% of health aid each year. Not split by group."
    },
    "options": [
     {
      "kind": "who_best_buy",
      "evaluator": "WHO",
      "items": [
       "Secondary prevention of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease by developing a register of patients who receive regular prophylactic penicillin"
      ],
      "figures": [
       "st.ce.who.best_buy_threshold"
      ],
      "note": "WHO puts drug treatment of high blood pressure in its next category (above I$100 per healthy year). Tobacco and salt best buys also act here."
     }
    ],
    "death_share": 0.3191
   },
   {
    "id": "chronic_resp",
    "parent": "ncd",
    "gbd_name": "Chronic respiratory diseases",
    "name": "Chronic lung disease (COPD, asthma)",
    "deaths": "st.deaths.l2.chronic_resp.2023",
    "funding": {
     "status": "tracked_as_group",
     "figures": [
      "st.dah.ncd_share_bound"
     ],
     "text": "All non-communicable diseases together: less than 4.0% of health aid each year. Not split by group."
    },
    "options": [
     {
      "kind": "who_best_buy",
      "evaluator": "WHO",
      "items": [
       "Acute treatment of asthma exacerbations with inhaled bronchodilators and oral steroids",
       "Long-term management of COPD with inhaled bronchodilator"
      ],
      "figures": [
       "st.ce.who.best_buy_threshold"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "death_share": 0.0693
   },
   {
    "id": "digestive",
    "parent": "ncd",
    "gbd_name": "Digestive diseases",
    "name": "Digestive diseases (including cirrhosis)",
    "deaths": "st.deaths.l2.digestive.2023",
    "funding": {
     "status": "tracked_as_group",
     "figures": [
      "st.dah.ncd_share_bound"
     ],
     "text": "All non-communicable diseases together: less than 4.0% of health aid each year. Not split by group."
    },
    "options": [
     {
      "kind": "gap",
      "text": "No evaluator we follow has a top pick here yet."
     }
    ],
    "death_share": 0.0402
   },
   {
    "id": "neuro",
    "parent": "ncd",
    "gbd_name": "Neurological disorders",
    "name": "Neurological disorders (including dementia)",
    "deaths": "st.deaths.l2.neuro.2023",
    "funding": {
     "status": "tracked_as_group",
     "figures": [
      "st.dah.ncd_share_bound"
     ],
     "text": "All non-communicable diseases together: less than 4.0% of health aid each year. Not split by group."
    },
    "options": [
     {
      "kind": "gap",
      "text": "No evaluator we follow has a top pick here yet."
     }
    ],
    "death_share": 0.0504
   },
   {
    "id": "mental",
    "parent": "ncd",
    "gbd_name": "Mental disorders",
    "name": "Mental disorders",
    "deaths": "st.deaths.l2.mental.2023",
    "funding": {
     "status": "tracked_as_group",
     "figures": [
      "st.dah.ncd_share_bound"
     ],
     "text": "All non-communicable diseases together: less than 4.0% of health aid each year. Not split by group."
    },
    "options": [
     {
      "kind": "see_thrive",
      "text": "Almost no deaths are counted here: GBD records suicide under self-harm. The suffering is real and large; see Mind, under Thrive.",
      "href": "#thrive-mind"
     }
    ],
    "death_share": 0
   },
   {
    "id": "substance",
    "parent": "ncd",
    "gbd_name": "Substance use disorders",
    "name": "Alcohol and drug use disorders",
    "deaths": "st.deaths.l2.substance.2023",
    "funding": {
     "status": "tracked_as_group",
     "figures": [
      "st.dah.ncd_share_bound"
     ],
     "text": "All non-communicable diseases together: less than 4.0% of health aid each year. Not split by group."
    },
    "options": [
     {
      "kind": "who_best_buy",
      "evaluator": "WHO",
      "items": [
       "Increase excise taxes on alcoholic beverages"
      ],
      "figures": [
       "st.ce.who.best_buy_threshold"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "death_share": 0.0057
   },
   {
    "id": "diabetes_kidney",
    "parent": "ncd",
    "gbd_name": "Diabetes and kidney diseases",
    "name": "Diabetes and kidney disease",
    "deaths": "st.deaths.l2.diabetes_kidney.2023",
    "funding": {
     "status": "tracked_as_group",
     "figures": [
      "st.dah.ncd_share_bound"
     ],
     "text": "All non-communicable diseases together: less than 4.0% of health aid each year. Not split by group."
    },
    "options": [
     {
      "kind": "gap",
      "text": "No evaluator we follow has a top pick here yet. WHO lists no best buy for managing diabetes; its listed options cost more than I$100 per healthy year gained."
     }
    ],
    "death_share": 0.0589
   },
   {
    "id": "skin",
    "parent": "ncd",
    "gbd_name": "Skin and subcutaneous diseases",
    "name": "Skin diseases",
    "deaths": "st.deaths.l2.skin.2023",
    "funding": {
     "status": "tracked_as_group",
     "figures": [
      "st.dah.ncd_share_bound"
     ],
     "text": "All non-communicable diseases together: less than 4.0% of health aid each year. Not split by group."
    },
    "options": [
     {
      "kind": "gap",
      "text": "No evaluator we follow has a top pick here yet."
     }
    ],
    "death_share": 0.0027
   },
   {
    "id": "sense",
    "parent": "ncd",
    "gbd_name": "Sense organ diseases",
    "name": "Vision and hearing loss",
    "deaths": null,
    "deaths_note": "GBD counts no deaths in this group (no row in the cause-of-death table).",
    "funding": {
     "status": "tracked_as_group",
     "figures": [
      "st.dah.ncd_share_bound"
     ],
     "text": "All non-communicable diseases together: less than 4.0% of health aid each year. Not split by group."
    },
    "options": [
     {
      "kind": "no_deaths",
      "text": "GBD counts no deaths in this group: vision and hearing loss are counted as years lived with disability. See Body, under Thrive.",
      "href": "#thrive-body"
     }
    ],
    "death_share": null
   },
   {
    "id": "msk",
    "parent": "ncd",
    "gbd_name": "Musculoskeletal disorders",
    "name": "Musculoskeletal disorders",
    "deaths": "st.deaths.l2.msk.2023",
    "funding": {
     "status": "tracked_as_group",
     "figures": [
      "st.dah.ncd_share_bound"
     ],
     "text": "All non-communicable diseases together: less than 4.0% of health aid each year. Not split by group."
    },
    "options": [
     {
      "kind": "gap",
      "text": "No evaluator we follow has a top pick here yet."
     }
    ],
    "death_share": 0.0022
   },
   {
    "id": "other_ncd",
    "parent": "ncd",
    "gbd_name": "Other non-communicable diseases",
    "name": "Other non-communicable diseases (including birth defects)",
    "deaths": "st.deaths.l2.other_ncd.2023",
    "funding": {
     "status": "tracked_as_group",
     "figures": [
      "st.dah.ncd_share_bound"
     ],
     "text": "All non-communicable diseases together: less than 4.0% of health aid each year. Not split by group."
    },
    "options": [
     {
      "kind": "gap",
      "text": "No evaluator we follow has a top pick here yet."
     }
    ],
    "death_share": 0.0223
   },
   {
    "id": "transport",
    "parent": "inj",
    "gbd_name": "Transport injuries",
    "name": "Road and other transport injuries",
    "deaths": "st.deaths.l2.transport.2023",
    "funding": {
     "status": "not_tracked",
     "text": "Not tracked. Injuries are not one of IHME’s health-aid focus areas."
    },
    "options": [
     {
      "kind": "gap",
      "text": "No evaluator we follow has a top pick here yet. WHO puts drink-driving laws enforced with sobriety checkpoints in its next category (above I$100 per healthy year)."
     }
    ],
    "death_share": 0.0237
   },
   {
    "id": "unintentional",
    "parent": "inj",
    "gbd_name": "Unintentional injuries",
    "name": "Falls, drowning, fire, poisoning and other accidents",
    "deaths": "st.deaths.l2.unintentional.2023",
    "funding": {
     "status": "not_tracked",
     "text": "Not tracked. Injuries are not one of IHME’s health-aid focus areas."
    },
    "options": [
     {
      "kind": "gap",
      "text": "No evaluator we follow has a top pick here yet."
     }
    ],
    "death_share": 0.0346
   },
   {
    "id": "violence",
    "parent": "inj",
    "gbd_name": "Self-harm and interpersonal violence",
    "name": "Suicide, homicide and conflict",
    "deaths": "st.deaths.l2.violence.2023",
    "funding": {
     "status": "not_tracked",
     "text": "Not tracked. Injuries are not one of IHME’s health-aid focus areas."
    },
    "options": [
     {
      "kind": "gap",
      "text": "No evaluator we follow has a top pick here yet."
     }
    ],
    "death_share": 0.0228
   }
  ],
  "ratios": [
   {
    "id": "r_hiv",
    "label": "HIV/AIDS",
    "bound": null,
    "aid_share": 0.2183,
    "death_share": 0.0139,
    "value": 15.7,
    "display": "15.7×",
    "working": "($14.1 billion ÷ $64.6 billion = 21.8% of aid) ÷ (833,400 ÷ 60,043,100 = 1.39% of deaths) = 15.7",
    "inputs": [
     "st.dah.hiv.2023",
     "st.dah.total.2023",
     "st.deaths.l3.hiv.2023",
     "st.deaths.all.2023"
    ],
    "scope": "IHME’s HIV/AIDS aid compared with GBD’s HIV/AIDS deaths (a cause inside the HIV/AIDS and STI group).",
    "definition": "(aid for the cause ÷ total aid) ÷ (deaths from the cause ÷ all deaths), from the cited figures only"
   },
   {
    "id": "r_covid",
    "label": "COVID-19",
    "bound": null,
    "aid_share": 0.192,
    "death_share": 0.0133,
    "value": 14.4,
    "display": "14.4×",
    "working": "($12.4 billion ÷ $64.6 billion = 19.2% of aid) ÷ (797,600 ÷ 60,043,100 = 1.33% of deaths) = 14.4",
    "inputs": [
     "st.dah.covid.2023",
     "st.dah.total.2023",
     "st.deaths.l3.covid.2023",
     "st.deaths.all.2023"
    ],
    "scope": "IHME’s COVID-19 aid compared with GBD’s COVID-19 deaths (a cause inside respiratory infections and tuberculosis).",
    "definition": "(aid for the cause ÷ total aid) ÷ (deaths from the cause ÷ all deaths), from the cited figures only"
   },
   {
    "id": "r_malaria",
    "label": "Malaria",
    "bound": null,
    "aid_share": 0.0511,
    "death_share": 0.0112,
    "value": 4.6,
    "display": "4.6×",
    "working": "($3.3 billion ÷ $64.6 billion = 5.1% of aid) ÷ (670,000 ÷ 60,043,100 = 1.12% of deaths) = 4.6",
    "inputs": [
     "st.dah.malaria.2023",
     "st.dah.total.2023",
     "st.deaths.l3.malaria.2023",
     "st.deaths.all.2023"
    ],
    "scope": "IHME’s malaria aid compared with GBD’s malaria deaths (a cause inside the malaria and neglected tropical disease group).",
    "definition": "(aid for the cause ÷ total aid) ÷ (deaths from the cause ÷ all deaths), from the cited figures only"
   },
   {
    "id": "r_ncd",
    "label": "Non-communicable diseases",
    "bound": "less_than",
    "aid_share": 0.04,
    "death_share": 0.7468,
    "value": 0.054,
    "display": "under 0.054",
    "working": "(aid share under 4.0%) ÷ (44,842,600 ÷ 60,043,100 = 74.68% of deaths) = under 0.054",
    "inputs": [
     "st.dah.ncd_share_bound",
     "st.deaths.l1.ncd.2023",
     "st.deaths.all.2023"
    ],
    "scope": "IHME says aid for all non-communicable diseases was under 4.0% of the total each year; compared with GBD’s non-communicable disease deaths. Because IHME gives a ceiling, the ratio is a ceiling too.",
    "definition": "(aid for the cause ÷ total aid) ÷ (deaths from the cause ÷ all deaths), from the cited figures only"
   }
  ]
 },
 "tail_risk": {
  "id": "tail_risk",
  "name": "Future deaths and tail risk",
  "covers": "Pandemics, nuclear war, misuse of advanced technology such as AI, and other rare events that could kill very many people at once.",
  "figures": [
   "st.tail.who_excess",
   "st.dah.pandemic_prep_peak"
  ],
  "funding": {
   "status": "tracked_partly",
   "figures": [
    "st.dah.pandemic_prep_peak"
   ],
   "text": "Pandemic preparedness aid peaked in 2020 at over $1 billion (IHME). Other catastrophic risks: not tracked."
  },
  "options": [
   {
    "kind": "gap",
    "text": "No evaluator we follow has a top pick here yet. We show no probability for any catastrophe, because none comes from a source we follow."
   }
  ],
  "why_separate": "The Survive table counts deaths that happened in one year. When a catastrophe happens, GBD files its deaths in the same tree (COVID-19 sits under respiratory infections; war under self-harm and violence). The tail-risk axis is about deaths that have not happened yet, so it is never added to the table."
 },
 "thrive": {
  "domains": [
   {
    "id": "body",
    "name": "Body",
    "covers": "Physical health while alive: pain, injury, illness and disability that do not kill (everything GBD counts as years lived with disability, except mental disorders).",
    "oecd": [
     "health (physical)",
     "environmental quality"
    ],
    "burden": [
     "st.yld.all.2023",
     "st.yld.l3.low_back_pain.2023",
     "st.yld.l3.falls.2023",
     "st.yld.l3.hearing.2023"
    ],
    "funding": {
     "status": "not_tracked",
     "text": "Not tracked apart from the health-aid areas in the Survive table."
    },
    "options": [
     {
      "kind": "gap",
      "text": "No evaluator we follow has a top pick here yet. The picks on this page are costed per life saved or per WELLBY, never per year of pain relieved: a real hole in the map."
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "id": "mind",
    "name": "Mind",
    "covers": "Mental health: depression, anxiety and other mental disorders (GBD’s mental-disorder share of years lived with disability).",
    "oecd": [
     "health (mental)"
    ],
    "burden": [
     "st.mind.who.2023",
     "st.yld.l3.depressive.2023",
     "st.yld.l3.anxiety.2023"
    ],
    "funding": {
     "status": "not_yet_sourced",
     "text": "IHME mentions mental health programmes inside non-communicable disease aid, but states no figure. Not yet sourced."
    },
    "options": [
     {
      "kind": "evaluator_pick",
      "evaluator": "Happier Lives Institute",
      "org": "StrongMinds",
      "href": "/charities/strongminds",
      "program": "Group psychotherapy for depression",
      "figures": [
       "st.ce.hli.strongminds"
      ],
      "label": "HLI Top Charity"
     },
     {
      "kind": "fund",
      "evaluator": "Happier Lives Institute",
      "org": "Happier Lives Fund",
      "href": "/charities/happier-lives-fund"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "id": "means",
    "name": "Means",
    "covers": "Money, work, a home and time: income and wealth, jobs, housing, and the hours left after work.",
    "oecd": [
     "income and wealth",
     "work and job quality",
     "housing",
     "work-life balance"
    ],
    "burden": [
     "st.means.wb.2026"
    ],
    "funding": {
     "status": "not_yet_sourced",
     "text": "Not yet sourced."
    },
    "options": [
     {
      "kind": "benchmark",
      "evaluator": "Happier Lives Institute",
      "org": "GiveDirectly",
      "href": "/charities/givedirectly",
      "program": "Cash transfers to people in poverty",
      "figures": [
       "st.ce.hli.givedirectly"
      ],
      "label": "HLI’s benchmark"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "id": "learning",
    "name": "Learning",
    "covers": "What people know and can do: reading, numbers and skills.",
    "oecd": [
     "knowledge and skills"
    ],
    "burden": [
     "st.learning.wb.2022"
    ],
    "funding": {
     "status": "not_yet_sourced",
     "text": "Not yet sourced."
    },
    "options": [
     {
      "kind": "gap",
      "text": "No evaluator we follow has a top pick here yet. An open field for careful donors."
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "id": "connection",
    "name": "Connection",
    "covers": "Relationships: family, friends, community, and not being lonely.",
    "oecd": [
     "social connections"
    ],
    "burden": [
     "st.connection.who.2025",
     "st.connection.who_deaths.2025"
    ],
    "funding": {
     "status": "not_tracked",
     "text": "Not tracked."
    },
    "options": [
     {
      "kind": "gap",
      "text": "No evaluator we follow has a top pick here yet."
     }
    ],
    "note": "WHO links loneliness to more than 871,000 deaths a year. Those deaths are already inside the cause-of-death count (as heart disease, stroke and so on), so we never add them on top."
   },
   {
    "id": "voice",
    "name": "Safety and voice",
    "covers": "Freedom from fear and violence, and a say in how you are governed.",
    "oecd": [
     "safety",
     "civic engagement"
    ],
    "burden": [
     "st.voice.fh.2025"
    ],
    "funding": {
     "status": "not_tracked",
     "text": "Not tracked."
    },
    "options": [
     {
      "kind": "gap",
      "text": "No evaluator we follow has a top pick here yet."
     }
    ],
    "note": "Deaths from violence and conflict are counted once, under Survive. Here we count the fear and the lost freedom of the living."
   }
  ],
  "readout": {
   "id": "life_satisfaction",
   "name": "How people say their life is going",
   "oecd": [
    "subjective well-being"
   ],
   "figures": [
    "st.wellby.definition"
   ],
   "text": "Not a seventh domain: the summary readout. The Happier Lives Institute measures it in WELLBYs. We never add it to the domains, because it already reflects them."
  }
 },
 "animals": {
  "id": "animals",
  "name": "Beyond humans",
  "figures": [
   "st.animals.cattle.2024",
   "st.animals.goat.2024",
   "st.animals.chicken.2024",
   "st.animals.turkey.2024",
   "st.animals.pig.2024",
   "st.animals.sheep.2024",
   "st.animals.duck.2024"
  ],
  "scope_note": "st.animals.scope_note",
  "not_counted": "Fish and other sea animals: FAO reports them by weight, not by number. Not yet sourced as a count.",
  "funding": {
   "status": "not_tracked",
   "text": "Not tracked by any source we follow."
  },
  "options": [
   {
    "kind": "evaluator_list",
    "evaluator": "Animal Charity Evaluators",
    "list": "2025 Recommended Charities",
    "orgs": [
     "Animal Welfare Observatory",
     "Aquatic Life Institute",
     "Çiftlik Hayvanlarını Koruma Derneği",
     "Dansk Vegetarisk Forening",
     "Good Food Fund",
     "Shrimp Welfare Project",
     "Sinergia Animal",
     "Sociedade Vegetariana Brasileira",
     "The Humane League",
     "Wild Animal Initiative"
    ],
    "quote": "These charities work in ways that are most likely to produce the greatest gains for animals, actively evaluate and improve their programs, and have a demonstrated need for more funding.",
    "source": "ace_recommended",
    "fund": "Recommended Charity Fund",
    "href": "https://animalcharityevaluators.org/recommended-charities/"
   }
  ],
  "sum_of_listed_species": 86332055600,
  "sum_working": "st.animals.chicken.2024=78533920000 + st.animals.duck.2024=4227882000 + st.animals.pig.2024=1493796992 + st.animals.sheep.2024=703861376 + st.animals.goat.2024=563722560 + st.animals.turkey.2024=504128000 + st.animals.cattle.2024=304744672 = 86332055600"
 },
 "gaps": [
  {
   "area": "survive.hiv_sti",
   "what": "no evaluator top pick"
  },
  {
   "area": "survive.resp_tb",
   "what": "no evaluator top pick"
  },
  {
   "area": "survive.enteric",
   "what": "no evaluator top pick"
  },
  {
   "area": "survive.mat_neo",
   "what": "no evaluator top pick"
  },
  {
   "area": "survive.digestive",
   "what": "no evaluator top pick"
  },
  {
   "area": "survive.neuro",
   "what": "no evaluator top pick"
  },
  {
   "area": "survive.diabetes_kidney",
   "what": "no evaluator top pick"
  },
  {
   "area": "survive.skin",
   "what": "no evaluator top pick"
  },
  {
   "area": "survive.msk",
   "what": "no evaluator top pick"
  },
  {
   "area": "survive.other_ncd",
   "what": "no evaluator top pick"
  },
  {
   "area": "survive.transport",
   "what": "no evaluator top pick"
  },
  {
   "area": "survive.unintentional",
   "what": "no evaluator top pick"
  },
  {
   "area": "survive.violence",
   "what": "no evaluator top pick"
  },
  {
   "area": "survive.enteric",
   "what": "funding not_tracked"
  },
  {
   "area": "survive.other_inf",
   "what": "funding not_yet_sourced"
  },
  {
   "area": "survive.mat_neo",
   "what": "funding not_yet_sourced"
  },
  {
   "area": "survive.nutrition",
   "what": "funding not_yet_sourced"
  },
  {
   "area": "survive.transport",
   "what": "funding not_tracked"
  },
  {
   "area": "survive.unintentional",
   "what": "funding not_tracked"
  },
  {
   "area": "survive.violence",
   "what": "funding not_tracked"
  },
  {
   "area": "thrive.body",
   "what": "no evaluator top pick"
  },
  {
   "area": "thrive.learning",
   "what": "no evaluator top pick"
  },
  {
   "area": "thrive.connection",
   "what": "no evaluator top pick"
  },
  {
   "area": "thrive.voice",
   "what": "no evaluator top pick"
  },
  {
   "area": "thrive.body",
   "what": "funding not_tracked"
  },
  {
   "area": "thrive.mind",
   "what": "funding not_yet_sourced"
  },
  {
   "area": "thrive.means",
   "what": "funding not_yet_sourced"
  },
  {
   "area": "thrive.learning",
   "what": "funding not_yet_sourced"
  },
  {
   "area": "thrive.connection",
   "what": "funding not_tracked"
  },
  {
   "area": "thrive.voice",
   "what": "funding not_tracked"
  },
  {
   "area": "tail_risk",
   "what": "no evaluator top pick; no probability sourced; catastrophic-risk funding other than pandemic preparedness not tracked"
  },
  {
   "area": "animals",
   "what": "funding not tracked; fish and other sea animals not counted by number"
  }
 ],
 "figures": [
  {
   "id": "st.deaths.all.2023",
   "value": 60043100,
   "unit": "deaths",
   "display": "60.0 million",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "quote": "All causes | 50 746·1 (50 430·8 to 51 060·8) | 60 043·1 (59 045·4 to 61 239·8)",
   "quote_col": "2023 all-age deaths, thousands (95% uncertainty interval)",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.deaths.l1.cmnn.2023",
   "value": 10326000,
   "unit": "deaths",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "quote": "Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases | 15 054·6 (14 495·6 to 15 946·2) | 10 326·0 (9761·6 to 11 100·0)",
   "quote_col": "2023 all-age deaths, thousands",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.deaths.l1.ncd.2023",
   "value": 44842600,
   "unit": "deaths",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "quote": "Non-communicable diseases | 31 130·5 (30 469·8 to 31 722·1) | 44 842·6 (43 824·4 to 46 047·5)",
   "quote_col": "2023 all-age deaths, thousands",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.deaths.l1.inj.2023",
   "value": 4874500,
   "unit": "deaths",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "quote": "Injuries | 4561·0 (4198·4 to 4847·2) | 4874·5 (4365·5 to 5278·9)",
   "quote_col": "2023 all-age deaths, thousands",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.deaths.l2.hiv_sti.2023",
   "value": 917200,
   "unit": "deaths",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "quote": "HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections | 1578·2 (1462·9 to 1719·2) | 917·2 (799·7 to 1072·2)",
   "quote_col": "2023 all-age deaths, thousands",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.deaths.l2.resp_tb.2023",
   "value": 4337100,
   "unit": "deaths",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "quote": "Respiratory infections and tuberculosis | 4446·2 (4000·3 to 4975·1) | 4337·1 (3947·6 to 4723·1)",
   "quote_col": "2023 all-age deaths, thousands",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.deaths.l2.enteric.2023",
   "value": 1268600,
   "unit": "deaths",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "quote": "Enteric infections | 2658·5 (2142·0 to 3452·1) | 1268·6 (962·6 to 1683·3)",
   "quote_col": "2023 all-age deaths, thousands",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.deaths.l2.ntd_malaria.2023",
   "value": 804900,
   "unit": "deaths",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "quote": "Neglected tropical diseases and malaria | 1050·3 (652·3 to 1601·1) | 804·9 (394·2 to 1392·4)",
   "quote_col": "2023 all-age deaths, thousands",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.deaths.l2.other_inf.2023",
   "value": 841700,
   "unit": "deaths",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "quote": "Other infectious diseases | 1888·8 (1440·7 to 2382·5) | 841·7 (682·3 to 1009·2)",
   "quote_col": "2023 all-age deaths, thousands",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.deaths.l2.mat_neo.2023",
   "value": 1867900,
   "unit": "deaths",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "quote": "Maternal and neonatal disorders | 3007·2 (2877·3 to 3149·7) | 1867·9 (1739·6 to 1993·0)",
   "quote_col": "2023 all-age deaths, thousands",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.deaths.l2.nutrition.2023",
   "value": 288600,
   "unit": "deaths",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "quote": "Nutritional deficiencies | 425·4 (355·6 to 499·8) | 288·6 (231·1 to 350·3)",
   "quote_col": "2023 all-age deaths, thousands",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.deaths.l2.neoplasms.2023",
   "value": 10567900,
   "unit": "deaths",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "quote": "Neoplasms | 7072·9 (6679·9 to 7356·8) | 10 567·9 (9726·9 to 11 166·9)",
   "quote_col": "2023 all-age deaths, thousands",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.deaths.l2.cvd.2023",
   "value": 19159200,
   "unit": "deaths",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "quote": "Cardiovascular diseases | 14 562·6 (13 675·2 to 15 351·9) | 19 159·2 (17 364·3 to 20 420·7)",
   "quote_col": "2023 all-age deaths, thousands",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.deaths.l2.chronic_resp.2023",
   "value": 4163700,
   "unit": "deaths",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "quote": "Chronic respiratory diseases | 2885·3 (2366·5 to 3234·0) | 4163·7 (3612·7 to 5138·2)",
   "quote_col": "2023 all-age deaths, thousands",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.deaths.l2.digestive.2023",
   "value": 2416300,
   "unit": "deaths",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "quote": "Digestive diseases | 2052·3 (1849·8 to 2264·3) | 2416·3 (2151·6 to 2671·8)",
   "quote_col": "2023 all-age deaths, thousands",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.deaths.l2.neuro.2023",
   "value": 3024300,
   "unit": "deaths",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "quote": "Neurological disorders | 1316·1 (623·0 to 2702·2) | 3024·3 (1357·2 to 6102·8)",
   "quote_col": "2023 all-age deaths, thousands",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.deaths.l2.mental.2023",
   "value": 200,
   "unit": "deaths",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "quote": "Mental disorders | 0·2 (0·1 to 0·3) | 0·2 (0·1 to 0·4)",
   "quote_col": "2023 all-age deaths, thousands",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.deaths.l2.substance.2023",
   "value": 344100,
   "unit": "deaths",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "quote": "Substance use disorders | 254·5 (234·9 to 279·7) | 344·1 (316·6 to 374·4)",
   "quote_col": "2023 all-age deaths, thousands",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.deaths.l2.diabetes_kidney.2023",
   "value": 3535600,
   "unit": "deaths",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "quote": "Diabetes and kidney diseases | 1719·5 (1560·3 to 1893·2) | 3535·6 (3142·0 to 3888·8)",
   "quote_col": "2023 all-age deaths, thousands",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.deaths.l2.skin.2023",
   "value": 161100,
   "unit": "deaths",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "quote": "Skin and subcutaneous diseases | 66·0 (52·4 to 83·7) | 161·1 (130·9 to 196·4)",
   "quote_col": "2023 all-age deaths, thousands",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.deaths.l2.msk.2023",
   "value": 131700,
   "unit": "deaths",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "quote": "Musculoskeletal disorders | 80·2 (66·5 to 92·9) | 131·7 (107·9 to 154·1)",
   "quote_col": "2023 all-age deaths, thousands",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.deaths.l2.other_ncd.2023",
   "value": 1338500,
   "unit": "deaths",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "quote": "Other non-communicable diseases | 1121·0 (992·9 to 1256·6) | 1338·5 (1191·5 to 1551·1)",
   "quote_col": "2023 all-age deaths, thousands",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.deaths.l2.transport.2023",
   "value": 1425800,
   "unit": "deaths",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "quote": "Transport injuries | 1370·0 (1150·1 to 1577·2) | 1425·8 (1126·9 to 1685·0)",
   "quote_col": "2023 all-age deaths, thousands",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.deaths.l2.unintentional.2023",
   "value": 2078400,
   "unit": "deaths",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "quote": "Unintentional injuries | 1791·4 (1590·1 to 1985·5) | 2078·4 (1786·5 to 2291·5)",
   "quote_col": "2023 all-age deaths, thousands",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.deaths.l2.violence.2023",
   "value": 1370400,
   "unit": "deaths",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "quote": "Self-harm and interpersonal violence | 1399·6 (1273·1 to 1514·3) | 1370·4 (1252·7 to 1496·8)",
   "quote_col": "2023 all-age deaths, thousands",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.deaths.l3.hiv.2023",
   "value": 833400,
   "unit": "deaths",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "quote": "HIV/AIDS | 1489·3 (1387·8 to 1620·1) | 833·4 (727·1 to 959·0)",
   "quote_col": "2023 all-age deaths, thousands",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.deaths.l3.covid.2023",
   "value": 797600,
   "unit": "deaths",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "quote": "COVID-19 | 0·0 (0·0 to 0·0) | 797·6 (722·9 to 857·0)",
   "quote_col": "2023 all-age deaths, thousands",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.deaths.l3.malaria.2023",
   "value": 670000,
   "unit": "deaths",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "quote": "Malaria | 881·4 (478·4 to 1450·7) | 670·0 (261·2 to 1257·9)",
   "quote_col": "2023 all-age deaths, thousands",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.deaths.l3.tb.2023",
   "value": 1010500,
   "unit": "deaths",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "quote": "Tuberculosis | 1760·3 (1397·6 to 2165·4) | 1010·5 (806·6 to 1244·7)",
   "quote_col": "2023 all-age deaths, thousands",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.deaths.l3.conflict.2023",
   "value": 159100,
   "unit": "deaths",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "quote": "Conflict and terrorism | 108·7 (94·2 to 145·1) | 159·1 (125·6 to 208·6)",
   "quote_col": "2023 all-age deaths, thousands",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.deaths.l3.hiv.2000",
   "value": 1489300,
   "unit": "deaths",
   "year": 2000,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "quote": "HIV/AIDS | 1489·3 (1387·8 to 1620·1) | 833·4 (727·1 to 959·0)",
   "quote_col": "2000 all-age deaths, thousands",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.yld.all.2023",
   "value": 990000000,
   "unit": "YLDs",
   "display": "990 million",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_burden",
   "quote": "Global all-cause DALYs in 2023 were composed of 990 million (95% UI 756–1280) YLDs (equivalent to 35·4% [29·5–41·5] of 2·80 billion total DALYs",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01637-X/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.yld.l3.low_back_pain.2023",
   "value": 70400000,
   "unit": "YLDs",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_burden",
   "quote": "Low back pain | 7·5% (6·4 to 8·7) | 7·1% (6·1 to 8·3) | 58·6 (41·4 to 78·9) | 70·4 (49·7 to 95·1)",
   "quote_col": "Columns: cause | share of YLDs 2010 | share 2023 | count 2010 (millions) | count 2023 (millions)",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01637-X/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.yld.l3.depressive.2023",
   "value": 56000000,
   "unit": "YLDs",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_burden",
   "quote": "Depressive disorders | 4·8% (3·8 to 6·1) | 5·7% (4·5 to 7·4) | 37·5 (25·7 to 51·0) | 56·0 (38·2 to 80·3)",
   "quote_col": "Columns: cause | share of YLDs 2010 | share 2023 | count 2010 (millions) | count 2023 (millions)",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01637-X/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.yld.l3.anxiety.2023",
   "value": 55400000,
   "unit": "YLDs",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_burden",
   "quote": "Anxiety disorders | 3·7% (2·8 to 4·9) | 5·6% (4·1 to 7·8) | 29·3 (19·9 to 41·5) | 55·4 (36·4 to 81·3)",
   "quote_col": "Columns: cause | share of YLDs 2010 | share 2023 | count 2010 (millions) | count 2023 (millions)",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01637-X/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.yld.l3.falls.2023",
   "value": 53100000,
   "unit": "YLDs",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_burden",
   "quote": "Falls | 6·2% (5·3 to 7·1) | 5·4% (4·6 to 6·1) | 48·6 (35·2 to 65·6) | 53·1 (38·4 to 72·2)",
   "quote_col": "Columns: cause | share of YLDs 2010 | share 2023 | count 2010 (millions) | count 2023 (millions)",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01637-X/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.yld.l3.hearing.2023",
   "value": 53100000,
   "unit": "YLDs",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_burden",
   "quote": "Age-related and otherhearing loss | 4·9% (4·1 to 5·8) | 5·4% (4·5 to 6·4) | 38·4 (27·0 to 51·5) | 53·1 (37·5 to 71·6)",
   "quote_col": "Columns: cause | share of YLDs 2010 | share 2023 | count 2010 (millions) | count 2023 (millions)",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01637-X/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.yld.l3.headache.2023",
   "value": 45500000,
   "unit": "YLDs",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_gbd2023_burden",
   "quote": "Headache disorders | 4·9% (3·8 to 6·0) | 4·6% (3·6 to 5·6) | 38·6 (26·4 to 52·6) | 45·5 (31·4 to 62·0)",
   "quote_col": "Columns: cause | share of YLDs 2010 | share 2023 | count 2010 (millions) | count 2023 (millions)",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01637-X/fulltext"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.dah.total.2023",
   "value": 64600000000,
   "unit": "USD (2022 dollars)",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_fgh2023",
   "quote": "dropped to $64.6 billion in 2023",
   "kind": "funding",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.healthdata.org/sites/default/files/2024-05/FGH_2023_Accessible_Digital_Version_with_Translations_2024.05.13.pdf"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.dah.hiv.2023",
   "value": 14100000000,
   "unit": "USD (2022 dollars)",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_fgh2023",
   "quote": "Funding for HIV/AIDS reached an all-time high of $14.1 billion in 2023.",
   "kind": "funding",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.healthdata.org/sites/default/files/2024-05/FGH_2023_Accessible_Digital_Version_with_Translations_2024.05.13.pdf"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.dah.hiv_share.2023",
   "value": 21.8,
   "unit": "percent of development assistance for health",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_fgh2023",
   "quote": "represented the second-largest share of development assistance for health (21.8%)",
   "kind": "funding",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.healthdata.org/sites/default/files/2024-05/FGH_2023_Accessible_Digital_Version_with_Translations_2024.05.13.pdf"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.dah.malaria.2023",
   "value": 3300000000,
   "unit": "USD (2022 dollars)",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_fgh2023",
   "quote": "development assistance for malaria rebounded to $3.3 billion in 2023.",
   "kind": "funding",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.healthdata.org/sites/default/files/2024-05/FGH_2023_Accessible_Digital_Version_with_Translations_2024.05.13.pdf"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.dah.covid.2023",
   "value": 12400000000,
   "unit": "USD (2022 dollars)",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_fgh2023",
   "quote": "By 2023, however, development assistance for COVID-19 had decreased by 68.6% to $12.4 billion",
   "kind": "funding",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.healthdata.org/sites/default/files/2024-05/FGH_2023_Accessible_Digital_Version_with_Translations_2024.05.13.pdf"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.dah.tb.2022",
   "value": 2600000000,
   "unit": "USD (2022 dollars)",
   "year": 2022,
   "source": "ihme_fgh2023",
   "quote": "In 2022, development assistance for tuberculosis reached a high of $2.6 billion",
   "kind": "funding",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.healthdata.org/sites/default/files/2024-05/FGH_2023_Accessible_Digital_Version_with_Translations_2024.05.13.pdf"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.dah.ncd_share_bound",
   "value": 4,
   "unit": "percent of development assistance for health (upper bound, each year)",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_fgh2023",
   "quote": "Non-communicable diseases account for 52.0% of all healthy years lost in low- and middle-income countries but constituted less than 4.0% of development assistance for health each year.",
   "kind": "funding",
   "bound": "less_than",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.healthdata.org/sites/default/files/2024-05/FGH_2023_Accessible_Digital_Version_with_Translations_2024.05.13.pdf"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.dah.pandemic_prep_peak",
   "value": 1000000000,
   "unit": "USD (2022 dollars)",
   "year": 2020,
   "source": "ihme_fgh2023",
   "quote": "Development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response peaked in 2020 at over $1 billion.",
   "kind": "funding",
   "bound": "more_than",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.healthdata.org/sites/default/files/2024-05/FGH_2023_Accessible_Digital_Version_with_Translations_2024.05.13.pdf"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.dah.private.2023",
   "value": 12300000000,
   "unit": "USD (2022 dollars)",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "ihme_fgh2023",
   "quote": "Funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, corporate donations, and other private philanthropy stayed relatively steady, representing $13.0 billion in 2021 and $12.3 billion in 2023.",
   "kind": "funding",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.healthdata.org/sites/default/files/2024-05/FGH_2023_Accessible_Digital_Version_with_Translations_2024.05.13.pdf"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.ce.gw.amf",
   "value": 5500,
   "unit": "USD per life saved",
   "period": "2022–2024 average",
   "source": "givewell_top_charities",
   "quote": "In 2022-2024, we directed funding to the Against Malaria Foundation to support this program at an estimated average cost-effectiveness of $5,500 per life saved.",
   "kind": "cost_effectiveness",
   "modeled": true,
   "guaranteed": false,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.givewell.org/charities/top-charities"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.ce.gw.mc",
   "value": 4000,
   "unit": "USD per life saved",
   "period": "2022–2024 average",
   "source": "givewell_top_charities",
   "quote": "In 2022-2024, we directed funding to the Malaria Consortium to support this program at an estimated average cost-effectiveness of $4,000 per life saved.",
   "kind": "cost_effectiveness",
   "modeled": true,
   "guaranteed": false,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.givewell.org/charities/top-charities"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.ce.gw.hki",
   "value": 3500,
   "unit": "USD per life saved",
   "period": "2022–2024 average",
   "source": "givewell_top_charities",
   "quote": "In 2022-2024, we directed funding to Helen Keller Intl to support this program at an estimated average cost-effectiveness of $3,500 per life saved.",
   "kind": "cost_effectiveness",
   "modeled": true,
   "guaranteed": false,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.givewell.org/charities/top-charities"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.ce.gw.ni",
   "value": 4500,
   "unit": "USD per life saved",
   "period": "2022–2024 average",
   "source": "givewell_top_charities",
   "quote": "In 2022-2024, we directed funding to New Incentives to support this program at an estimated average cost-effectiveness of $4,500 per life saved.",
   "kind": "cost_effectiveness",
   "modeled": true,
   "guaranteed": false,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.givewell.org/charities/top-charities"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.ce.hli.strongminds",
   "value": 40,
   "unit": "WELLBYs per $1,000 donated",
   "period": "as published on HLI’s charities page, read 2026-10-28",
   "source": "hli_charities",
   "quote": "Mental health · psychotherapy $25 = 1 WELLBY 40 WELLBYs per $1,000 donated",
   "kind": "cost_effectiveness",
   "modeled": true,
   "guaranteed": false,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.happierlivesinstitute.org/charities/"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.ce.hli.taimaka",
   "value": 66,
   "unit": "WELLBYs per $1,000 donated",
   "period": "as published on HLI’s charities page, read 2026-10-28",
   "source": "hli_charities",
   "quote": "Nutrition · treating acute malnutrition $15 = 1 WELLBY 66 WELLBYs per $1,000 donated",
   "kind": "cost_effectiveness",
   "modeled": true,
   "guaranteed": false,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.happierlivesinstitute.org/charities/"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.ce.hli.givedirectly",
   "value": 7.55,
   "unit": "WELLBYs per $1,000 donated",
   "period": "as published on HLI’s charities page, read 2026-10-28",
   "source": "hli_charities",
   "quote": "This means GiveDirectly creates 7.55 WELLBYs per $1,000",
   "kind": "cost_effectiveness",
   "modeled": true,
   "guaranteed": false,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.happierlivesinstitute.org/charities/"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.ce.who.best_buy_threshold",
   "value": 100,
   "unit": "international dollars (I$) per healthy life year gained, upper limit for a best buy",
   "source": "who_best_buys_2024",
   "quote": "These are interventions where a WHO-CHOICE analysis found an average cost-effectiveness ratio of ≤ I$100 per HLY gained in low-income and lower middle-income countries.",
   "year": 2024,
   "kind": "cost_effectiveness",
   "modeled": true,
   "guaranteed": false,
   "bound": "at_most",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240091078"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.mind.who.2023",
   "value": 1200000000,
   "unit": "people living with a mental disorder",
   "year": 2023,
   "source": "who_mental_factsheet",
   "quote": "In 2023, nearly 1 in every 7 people (1.2 billion) around the world were living with a mental disorder",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-disorders"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.means.wb.2026",
   "value": 811000000,
   "unit": "people below $3 a day",
   "year": 2026,
   "source": "worldbank_poverty",
   "quote": "From 1990 to 2026, the total number of people worldwide living in extreme poverty declined from around 2.3 billion to 811 million, each trying to survive on less than $3 per day.",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/overview"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.learning.wb.2022",
   "value": 70,
   "unit": "percent of 10-year-olds in low- and middle-income countries",
   "year": 2022,
   "source": "worldbank_learning_poverty",
   "quote": "with an estimated 70% of 10-year-olds unable to understand a simple written text",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2022/06/23/70-of-10-year-olds-now-in-learning-poverty-unable-to-read-and-understand-a-simple-text"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.connection.who.2025",
   "value": null,
   "display": "1 in 6 people",
   "unit": "share of people affected by loneliness",
   "year": 2025,
   "source": "who_social_2025",
   "quote": "1 in 6 people worldwide is affected by loneliness",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.who.int/news/item/30-06-2025-social-connection-linked-to-improved-heath-and-reduced-risk-of-early-death"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.connection.who_deaths.2025",
   "value": 871000,
   "unit": "deaths a year linked to loneliness (already inside the cause-of-death count; never added to it)",
   "year": 2025,
   "source": "who_social_2025",
   "quote": "Loneliness is linked to an estimated 100 deaths every hour—more than 871 000 deaths annually.",
   "kind": "burden",
   "bound": "more_than",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.who.int/news/item/30-06-2025-social-connection-linked-to-improved-heath-and-reduced-risk-of-early-death"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.voice.fh.2025",
   "value": 20,
   "unit": "consecutive years of decline in global freedom",
   "year": 2025,
   "source": "freedomhouse_fiw2026",
   "quote": "Global freedom declined for the 20th consecutive year in 2025.",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2026/growing-shadow-autocracy"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.tail.who_excess",
   "value": 14900000,
   "unit": "excess deaths, 2020–2021",
   "year": 2021,
   "source": "who_excess_2022",
   "quote": "between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2021 was approximately 14.9 million (range 13.3 million to 16.6 million)",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.who.int/news/item/05-05-2022-14.9-million-excess-deaths-were-associated-with-the-covid-19-pandemic-in-2020-and-2021"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.wellby.definition",
   "value": null,
   "unit": "definition",
   "source": "hli_charities",
   "quote": "One WELLBY is equivalent to a 1-point increase on a 0-10 wellbeing scale for one year.",
   "kind": "definition",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.happierlivesinstitute.org/charities/"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.oecd.dimensions",
   "value": 11,
   "unit": "dimensions of current well-being",
   "source": "oecd_hows_life",
   "quote": "It is based on a multi-dimensional framework covering 11 dimensions of current well-being (income and wealth, work and job quality, housing, health, knowledge and skills, environmental quality, work-life balance, social connections, civic engagement, safety and subjective well-being)",
   "kind": "definition",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/how-s-life_23089679.html"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.animals.cattle.2024",
   "value": 304744672,
   "unit": "cattle slaughtered for meat",
   "year": 2024,
   "source": "fao_owid_slaughter",
   "quote": "Entity=World, Year=2024, Cattle=304744672",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/animals-slaughtered-for-meat"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.animals.goat.2024",
   "value": 563722560,
   "unit": "goat slaughtered for meat",
   "year": 2024,
   "source": "fao_owid_slaughter",
   "quote": "Entity=World, Year=2024, Goat=563722560",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/animals-slaughtered-for-meat"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.animals.chicken.2024",
   "value": 78533920000,
   "unit": "chicken slaughtered for meat",
   "year": 2024,
   "source": "fao_owid_slaughter",
   "quote": "Entity=World, Year=2024, Chicken=78533920000",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/animals-slaughtered-for-meat"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.animals.turkey.2024",
   "value": 504128000,
   "unit": "turkey slaughtered for meat",
   "year": 2024,
   "source": "fao_owid_slaughter",
   "quote": "Entity=World, Year=2024, Turkey=504128000",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/animals-slaughtered-for-meat"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.animals.pig.2024",
   "value": 1493796992,
   "unit": "pig slaughtered for meat",
   "year": 2024,
   "source": "fao_owid_slaughter",
   "quote": "Entity=World, Year=2024, Pig=1493796992",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/animals-slaughtered-for-meat"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.animals.sheep.2024",
   "value": 703861376,
   "unit": "sheep slaughtered for meat",
   "year": 2024,
   "source": "fao_owid_slaughter",
   "quote": "Entity=World, Year=2024, Sheep=703861376",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/animals-slaughtered-for-meat"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.animals.duck.2024",
   "value": 4227882000,
   "unit": "duck slaughtered for meat",
   "year": 2024,
   "source": "fao_owid_slaughter",
   "quote": "Entity=World, Year=2024, Duck=4227882000",
   "kind": "burden",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/animals-slaughtered-for-meat"
  },
  {
   "id": "st.animals.scope_note",
   "value": null,
   "unit": "note",
   "source": "fao_owid_slaughter",
   "quote": "This is based on livestock production for meat (and therefore does not include dairy or egg production).",
   "kind": "definition",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "source_url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/animals-slaughtered-for-meat"
  }
 ],
 "sources": [
  {
   "id": "ihme_gbd2023_cod",
   "title": "Global burden of 292 causes of death in 204 countries and territories and 660 subnational locations, 1990–2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023",
   "publisher": "IHME / GBD 2023 Causes of Death Collaborators, The Lancet",
   "year": "2025",
   "url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01917-8/fulltext",
   "alt_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12535838/",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "how_read": "Full text (open access) fetched from Europe PMC (PMC12535838, fullTextXML); Table 1 parsed row by row",
   "snapshot": "data/site/survive_thrive/source_snapshots/ihme_gbd2023_cod_table1.txt",
   "approved_for": [
    "burden"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "ihme_gbd2023_burden",
   "title": "Burden of 375 diseases and injuries, risk-attributable burden of 88 risk factors, and healthy life expectancy in 204 countries and territories, including 660 subnational locations, 1990–2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023",
   "publisher": "IHME / GBD 2023 Disease and Injury and Risk Factor Collaborators, The Lancet",
   "year": "2025",
   "url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01637-X/fulltext",
   "alt_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12535840/",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "how_read": "Full text (open access) fetched from Europe PMC (PMC12535840, fullTextXML)",
   "snapshot": "data/site/survive_thrive/source_snapshots/ihme_gbd2023_burden_excerpt.txt",
   "approved_for": [
    "burden"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "ihme_fgh2023",
   "title": "Financing Global Health 2023: The Future of Health Financing in the Post-Pandemic Era",
   "publisher": "Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)",
   "year": "2024",
   "url": "https://www.healthdata.org/sites/default/files/2024-05/FGH_2023_Accessible_Digital_Version_with_Translations_2024.05.13.pdf",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "how_read": "PDF fetched and converted to text (pdftotext); Part 2 and the focus-area profiles stored",
   "snapshot": "data/site/survive_thrive/source_snapshots/ihme_fgh2023_part2_profiles.txt",
   "approved_for": [
    "funding"
   ],
   "note": "2023 figures were IHME preliminary estimates when published; values in 2022 US dollars. Later IHME releases (Financing Global Health 2025, the DAH Database 2026) revise totals and use 2023 dollars; we quote the edition that states 2023 focus-area figures in words."
  },
  {
   "id": "givewell_new_incentives",
   "title": "New Incentives (programme review)",
   "publisher": "GiveWell",
   "year": "2025",
   "url": "https://www.givewell.org/international/technical/programs/new-incentives",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "how_read": "Page fetched; vaccine list stored",
   "snapshot": "data/site/survive_thrive/source_snapshots/gw_new_incentives.txt",
   "approved_for": [
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  },
  {
   "id": "givewell_top_charities",
   "title": "Our Top Charities",
   "publisher": "GiveWell",
   "year": "2025",
   "url": "https://www.givewell.org/charities/top-charities",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "how_read": "Page fetched; text stored",
   "snapshot": "data/site/survive_thrive/source_snapshots/gw_top.txt",
   "approved_for": [
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  },
  {
   "id": "hli_charities",
   "title": "Our recommended charities",
   "publisher": "Happier Lives Institute",
   "year": "2026",
   "url": "https://www.happierlivesinstitute.org/charities/",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "how_read": "Page fetched; text stored",
   "snapshot": "data/site/survive_thrive/source_snapshots/hli_charities.txt",
   "approved_for": [
    "cost_effectiveness"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "ace_recommended",
   "title": "2025 Recommended Charities",
   "publisher": "Animal Charity Evaluators",
   "year": "2025",
   "url": "https://animalcharityevaluators.org/recommended-charities/",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "how_read": "Page fetched; text stored",
   "snapshot": "data/site/survive_thrive/source_snapshots/ace_rec.txt",
   "approved_for": [
    "recommendation"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "who_best_buys_2024",
   "title": "Tackling NCDs: best buys and other recommended interventions for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases, 2nd ed.",
   "publisher": "World Health Organization",
   "year": "2024",
   "url": "https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240091078",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "how_read": "PDF fetched from WHO IRIS and converted to text",
   "snapshot": "data/site/survive_thrive/source_snapshots/who_best_buys_2024.txt",
   "approved_for": [
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   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "who_excess_2022",
   "title": "14.9 million excess deaths associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021",
   "publisher": "World Health Organization",
   "year": "2022",
   "url": "https://www.who.int/news/item/05-05-2022-14.9-million-excess-deaths-were-associated-with-the-covid-19-pandemic-in-2020-and-2021",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "how_read": "Page fetched; text stored",
   "snapshot": "data/site/survive_thrive/source_snapshots/who_excess.txt",
   "approved_for": [
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  },
  {
   "id": "who_mental_factsheet",
   "title": "Mental disorders (fact sheet)",
   "publisher": "World Health Organization",
   "year": "2025",
   "url": "https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-disorders",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "how_read": "Page fetched; text stored",
   "snapshot": "data/site/survive_thrive/source_snapshots/who_mental.txt",
   "approved_for": [
    "burden"
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  },
  {
   "id": "who_social_2025",
   "title": "Social connection linked to improved health and reduced risk of early death",
   "publisher": "World Health Organization",
   "year": "2025",
   "url": "https://www.who.int/news/item/30-06-2025-social-connection-linked-to-improved-heath-and-reduced-risk-of-early-death",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "how_read": "Page fetched; text stored",
   "snapshot": "data/site/survive_thrive/source_snapshots/who_social.txt",
   "approved_for": [
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  },
  {
   "id": "worldbank_poverty",
   "title": "Poverty: overview",
   "publisher": "World Bank",
   "year": "2026",
   "url": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/overview",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "how_read": "Page fetched; text stored",
   "snapshot": "data/site/survive_thrive/source_snapshots/wb_poverty.txt",
   "approved_for": [
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   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "worldbank_learning_poverty",
   "title": "70% of 10-Year-Olds now in Learning Poverty, Unable to Read and Understand a Simple Text",
   "publisher": "World Bank",
   "year": "2022",
   "url": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2022/06/23/70-of-10-year-olds-now-in-learning-poverty-unable-to-read-and-understand-a-simple-text",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "how_read": "Page fetched; text stored",
   "snapshot": "data/site/survive_thrive/source_snapshots/wb_lp.txt",
   "approved_for": [
    "burden"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "freedomhouse_fiw2026",
   "title": "Freedom in the World 2026: The Growing Shadow of Autocracy",
   "publisher": "Freedom House",
   "year": "2026",
   "url": "https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2026/growing-shadow-autocracy",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "how_read": "Page fetched; text stored",
   "snapshot": "data/site/survive_thrive/source_snapshots/fh2026.txt",
   "approved_for": [
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   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "oecd_hows_life",
   "title": "How's Life? (series page) and the OECD Well-being Data Monitor",
   "publisher": "OECD",
   "year": "2024",
   "url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/how-s-life_23089679.html",
   "alt_url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/data/tools/well-being-data-monitor.html",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "how_read": "The OECD site blocks direct fetches from our build box; the series-page text was read from a search-index copy of the page and the Data Monitor page was read with headless Chrome. Both stored.",
   "snapshot": "data/site/survive_thrive/source_snapshots/oecd_hows_life_series.txt",
   "approved_for": [
    "framework"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "fao_owid_slaughter",
   "title": "Yearly number of animals slaughtered for meat (FAO, Production: Crops and livestock products, with processing by Our World in Data)",
   "publisher": "Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, via Our World in Data",
   "year": "2025",
   "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/animals-slaughtered-for-meat",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-28",
   "how_read": "Chart data (World row) and metadata downloaded from the chart page; stored",
   "snapshot": "data/site/survive_thrive/source_snapshots/fao_owid_animals_slaughtered.txt",
   "approved_for": [
    "burden"
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  }
 ]
}